Debrief 

Consider how successfully the formulation held explanation and responsibility together. Discuss any moments when contextual factors began to sound like excuses, or when Helen’s contribution to the relationship began to sound like responsibility for the betrayal.

Consider also whether the formulation improved predictability. A useful formulation should do more than explain the past. It should help Mark and Helen identify what would need to be different in future and recognise the situations, patterns and choices that could otherwise increase risk again.

Finally, consider the language used by the therapist. Small differences in wording can determine whether an injured partner hears, “There were problems in the relationship that we need to understand,” or, “You did things that caused your partner to have an affair.” Maintaining that distinction is one of the central clinical tasks of the Meaning Stage.